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The Biology Behind BioXclude ®
The Biology Behind BioXclude®
The Biology Behind BioXclude ®


Dynamic Barrier Membrane
NATURALLY TOUGH AND EXCEPTIONALLY FLEXIBLE
The amnion and chorion layers of the amniotic sac serve the critical role of creating a functional barrier between the mother and child throughout pregnancy. The amnion-chorion membrane must maintain its integrity in a highly dynamic environment. The physical and biological properties of these membrane sublayers are preserved with our gentle proprietary process, creating a dynamic membrane product.
SUBLAYERS PROVIDE BIOXCLUDE WITH UNIQUE PROPERTIES

  • Amniotic Basement Membrane: Acellular; deposited and maintained by the epithelial layer of the amnion; anchors the epithelium to the underlying compact layer; creates an ECM-based a physical barrier
  • Amniotic Compact Layer: Acellular; composed of a tight matrix of ECM proteins; provides structural support for basement membrane; contributes to physical strength and elasticity of amnion
  • Amniotic Fibroblast Layer: Cellular (Fibroblasts); consists of dense collagen fibrils that provides mechanical strength to the membranes
  • Chorionic Reticular Layer: Acellular; composed of a tight matrix of ECM proteins; provides structural support for basement membrane; contributes to physical strength and elasticity of the chorion
  • Chorionic Basement Membrane: Acellular, often referred to as a “Pseudo Basement Membrane” because it is deposited and maintained by trophoblasts and lacks the structural complexity of traditional basement membranes; provides barrier function and physical strength to chorion
  • Chorionic Reticular Layer: Cellular (Trophoblasts); thick membrane layer that interfaces with uterine environment; loose ECM network that contributes little to the membrane’s physical properties; Trophoblast secrete critical soluble factors, including antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, and growth factors
BASEMENT MEMBRANES AS NATURAL TISSUE BARRIERS
Basement membranes are unique Collagen IV- and laminin-rich protein networks found throughout the body. They act to anchor cell layers to underlying connective tissues and serve as key delineators between different tissue types. In this way, cells of the body are programmed to recognize basement membranes, helping them to orient themselves within tissues. This is particularly important in wound healing processes where basement membranes are either damaged or missing altogether. The use of BioXclude in surgical applications, the intact basement membranes of the amnion and chorion membranes can act as a provisional barrier and provide critical cues to cells involved in wound healing and tissue regeneration/repair processes.

As the natural substrate for epithelial cells, the basement membrane of BioXclude provides an ideal substrate for cellular attachment and migration. Additionally, because the basement membrane is perceived by epithelial cells of the gingiva as an appropriate surface, epithelial migration and proliferation will be naturally directed over the surface of the membrane, increasing wound closure rates.